Berkeley

"Milken encountered the Hickman study while he was at Berkeley. W. Braddock Hickman, after studying data on corporate bond performance from 1900 to 1943, had found that a low-grade bond portfolio, if very large, well diversified and held over a long period of time, was a higher-yielding investment than a high-grade portfolio. Although the low-grade portfolio suffered more defaults than the high-grade, the high yields that were realized overall more than compensated for the losses. Hickman’s findings were updated by T. R. Atkinson in a study covering 1944–65. It was empirical fact: the reward outweighed the risk."

"Milken encountered the Hickman study while he was at Berkeley. W. Braddock Hickman, after studying data on corporate bond performance from 1900 to 1943, had found that a low-grade bond portfolio, if very large, well diversified and held over a long period of time, was a higher-yielding investment than a high-grade portfolio. Although the low-grade portfolio suffered more defaults than the high-grade, the high yields that were realized overall more than compensated for the losses. Hickman’s findings were updated by T. R. Atkinson in a study covering 1944–65. It was empirical fact: the reward outweighed the risk."

"Kaiser did, of course, choose not to enter all industries, but such exceptions some of which have become nuggets of corporate folklore appear to prove the rule. In the 1920s, for example, Kaiser was offered half-ownership of a cemetery in Berkeley, California. An associate presented the idea as "a business that keeps growing." Kaiser would have none of it: "I don't want to wait until somebody dies to make a profit.""