Klaus-Michael Kühne

"Berger, who enjoys taking risks but is a realist, knows his value to Benko very well. Thanks also to the almost inexhaustible network of the advisor, Benko can gain connections in politics and new investors. Thus, Robert Peugeot from the namesake auto dynasty likely places his trust and invests in Benko's company also because his good old acquaintance Roland Berger is among the shareholders. And for Klaus-Michael Kühne, majority owner of the forwarding company Kühne & Nagel, the name Robert Peugeot matters when he joins the circle of investors years later."

"Benko's gold rush in concrete has, in addition to macroeconomic reasons, very specific ones as well. A long-standing senior executive at Signa lists three arguments for investors: Benko paid up to 6 percent dividends each year, whereas real estate usually only yields 2 to 3 percent. The shares increased in value year after year. Moreover, Benko concluded secret deals with individual financiers like Roland Berger, Klaus-Michael Kühne, or Torsten Toeller. He gave them the option to exit and return their shares if they wanted to. This made the shares fungible, as if investing in stocks – very unusual in the real estate business, which is typically long-term and therefore requires long-term capital planning."

"Benko's gold rush in concrete has, in addition to macroeconomic reasons, very specific ones as well. A long-standing senior executive at Signa lists three arguments for investors: Benko paid up to 6 percent dividends each year, whereas real estate usually only yields 2 to 3 percent. The shares increased in value year after year. Moreover, Benko concluded secret deals with individual financiers like Roland Berger, Klaus-Michael Kühne, or Torsten Toeller. He gave them the option to exit and return their shares if they wanted to. This made the shares fungible, as if investing in stocks – very unusual in the real estate business, which is typically long-term and therefore requires long-term capital planning."

"The company founder proved once again to be a skilled opinion maker – behind the scenes, but also in front of them. Thus, Benko regularly claimed to journalists, often unchallenged, that Signa operated with a high equity ratio of almost 50 percent. That was not entirely wrong, but nevertheless anything but right. Because, like other real estate conglomerates, Signa included financing with hybrid capital - namely mezzanine such as profit participation certificates; both are counted as equity on the balance sheet but come from external creditors. Therefore, the 20 to 30 percent of the capital actually provided by the shareholders was all the more important. But even this genuine equity capital, as it turned out at the latest after the bankruptcy at the end of 2023, was not really safe. For Benko had granted numerous investors the right to return their shares and be paid out at the then current rate. Roland Berger, Torsten Toeller, but also Swiss Lindt & Sprüngli Chairman of the Board Ernst Tanner and German logistics entrepreneur Klaus-Michael Kühne all had written agreements that could compel either René Benko's private foundation or parts of Signa to buy back their shares. And they were probably by far not the only ones."

"Klaus-Michael Kühne led the forwarding company Kühne & Nagel to global recognition. He holds large stakes in the Hamburg shipping company Hapag-Lloyd and the German airline Lufthansa. Thus, he has become the richest man in Germany. However, two investments have only brought him losses, both financially and emotionally. His hometown club, Hamburger Sportverein (HSV), just won't manage to get promoted to the 1st Bundesliga, despite several injections of funds from Kühne over the past years. And then there is René Benko's Signa, in which he has invested even more. More than 500 million Euros from his family foundation are tied up in the company, as he spoke to two editors of manager magazin at the beginning of the year 2023."

"Klaus-Michael Kühne"