Washington Post

"Articles Austin, K. L., “Ivar Kreuger’s Story in Light of Five Years,” The New York Times, Mar. 7, 1937. Barman, T. G., “Ivar Kreuger: His Life and Work,” The Atlantic Monthly, vol. 150, Aug. 1932, at 238-50. Blystone, Richard, “The Crash Heard ‘Round the World,’” The Associated Press, Oct. 29, 1979, AM Cycle. Cannon, Arthur M., “Kreuger, Genius and Swindler,” Journal of Accountancy, Sep. 1961, at 94. Childs, Marquis W., “Sweden: Where Capitalism is Controlled,” Harper’s Magazine, vol. 167, Nov. 1933, at 749. Citron, Bernhard, “America Sinks; Russia Rises,” Litter’s Living Age, Jun. 1932, at 315. Crum, W. L. and J. B. Hubbard, “Review of the First Quarter of 1932,” Review of Economic Statistics, vol. 14, May 15, 1932, at 66-73. Done, Kevin, “Swedish Match Strikes Back in Royal Style,” Financial Times, Mar. 31, 1987, at 6. Fane, Malachy, “The Swedish Juggler,” New Republic, vol. 71, Jul. 13, 1932, at 239. “Financial World Not Yet Sure What Kreuger Suicide Means,” Business Week, Mar. 19, 1932, at 5. Flesher, Dale L. and Tonya K. Flesher, “Ivar Kreuger’s Contribution to Financial Reporting,” Accounting Review, vol. 61, no. 3, Jul. 1986, at 421-34. Flynn, John T., “Kreuger: Another Holding Company Debacle,” New Republic, vol. 71, May 25, 1932. “Four Masters of Fraud,” Newsweek, vol. 49, Apr. 11, 1957, at 94. Galbraith, John Kenneth, “How to Become an International Swindler,” Reporter, vol. 16, Mar. 21, 1957, at 45. “German Matches; Strike a Light,” Economist, Jan. 22, 1983, at 66. Hertzberg, Sidney, “Aftermath of the Kreuger Crash,” Current History, vol. 39, Nov. 1933, at 239. Hertzberg, Sidney, “Ivar Kreuger’s Liabilities,” Current History, vol. 37, Nov. 1932, at 233. “High Finance: The House of Matches,” Time, vol. 46, Nov. 5, 1945, at 88. “Kreuger Finale,” Time, vol. 28, Jul. 13, 1936, at 66. Labaton, Stephen, “Archives of Business: A Rogues Gallery; Ivar Kreuger: Sweden’s Match King,” The New York Times, Dec. 7, 1986, sect. 3, at 23. Lambert, Richard, “Shady Dealings on the Grandest Scale,” Financial Times, Aug. 15, 1984, at 9. Lazar, Maria, “Is Kreuger Dead?,” Littell’s Living Age, vol. 344, Mar. 1933. Lebergott, Stanley, “The Shape of the Income Distribution,” American Economic Review, vol. 49, Jun. 1959, at 328. Lewinsohn, Richard, “Second Thoughts on Kreuger,” Littell’s Living Age, Jun. 1932, at 318. Lundberg, Erik, “The Rise and Fall of the Swedish Model,” Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 23, Mar. 1985, at 1. Lyons, Eugene, “Interviewing the Titans,” Saturday Review of Literature, vol. 18, Oct. 22, 1938, at 6. Marcosson, Isaac F., “An Interview with Ivar Kreuger,” Saturday Evening Post, Apr. 2, 1932, at 3-5. Marcosson, Isaac F., “The Match King,” Saturday Evening Post, Oct. 12, 1929, at 3-4. Marcosson, Isaac F., “The Swedish Recovery,” Saturday Evening Post, Feb. 22, 1936, at 23. “Matches: Cigarettes Light Way for Continued Diamond Profits,” Newsweek, vol. 7, Jun. 13, 1936, at 34. Olson, Alma Luise, “Kreuger is Called Victim of System,” The New York Times, Mar. 26, 1933, at 2. Picton, John, “The Death of the World’s Greatest Swindler,” Toronto Star, Aug. 21, 1988, at A0. Ross, Nancy L., “Yesterday’s Financial Failures, Today’s Successful Souvenirs,” Washington Post, Mar. 1, 1981, at F1. Rydbeck, Oscar, “Was Kreuger Crazy?,” Littell’s Living Age, Jun. 1932, at 321. Shaplen, Robert, “Annals of Crime: Kreuger - I,” New Yorker, vol. 35, Sep. 26, 1959, at 51. Shaplen, Robert, “Annals of Crime: Kreuger - II,” New Yorker, vol. 35, Oct. 3, 1959, at 108. Shaplen, Robert, “Annals of Crime: Kreuger - III,” New Yorker, vol. 35, Oct. 10, 1959, at 51. Simons, Rodger L., “The Garden of Sweden,” North American Review, vol. 238, Nov. 1938, at 414. Smith, Geoffrey, “The Legacy of Ivar Kreuger,” Forbes, vol. 136, Dec. 2, 1985, at 143. Soloveychik, George, “The Tragedy of Ivar Kreuger,” Nineteenth Century, vol. 111, Apr. 1932, at 421. “Swedish Stockmarket; Too Hot to Handle,” Economist, Apr. 30, 1983, at 106. Taylor, J. R., “Some Antecedents of the Securities and Exchange Commission,” Accounting Review, vol. 16, Jun. 1941. “The Diamond Match Co.,” Fortune, vol. 19, May 1939. “The Kreuger Case Again,” New Republic, vol. 73, Jan. 25, 1933, at 284. “The Kreuger Saga,” Littell’s Living Age, vol. 355, Feb. 1939. “The Passing of Ivar Kreuger,” Literary Digest, Mar. 26, 1932, at 56. “The Week,” New Republic, Mar. 23, 1932, at 1. “The World Over,” Littell’s Living Age, vol. 342, May 1932, at 189. Thompson, Howard and Anita Gates, “Movies: Critics’ Choice,” The New York Times, Dec. 5, 1999, at 6. Thompson, Ralph, “Sweden’s Losses in Kreuger Crash,” Current History, vol. 36, Jul. 1932, at 501. Thompson, Ralph, “The Unfolding of the Kreuger Scandal,” Current History, vol. 36, Jun. 1932, at 361. Unstad, Lyder L., “Sweden: The Middle Way,” American Economic Review, vol. 26, Jun. 1936, at 304. Visser, W. A., “Who was Ivar Kreuger?,” Christian Century, vol. 49, May 11, 1932, at 617. Webb, Sara, “Stora Offers 541 M Pounds for Swedish Match,” Financial Times, Mar. 10, 1988, at 48. “Why the House of Kreuger Fell,” Literary Digest, vol. 115, Feb. 4, 1933, at 40. Whyte, Frederic, “An Interpretation of Ivar Kreuger,” Contemporary Review, vol. 143, Apr. 1933, at 465. Winkler, Max, “Playing with Matches,” in Foreign Bonds: An Autopsy, (Beard Books, 1999), at 93-103. Winterich, John T., “Swindler Extraordinary,” Saturday Review, vol. 40, Feb. 2, 1957, at 20. “World’s Greatest Swindler,” Time, vol. 69, Jan. 28, 1957, at 106. Wuorinen, John H., “Kreuger’s Vanished Millions,” Current History, vol. 26, May 1932, at 241. Zeff, Stephen A., “How the US Accounting Profession Got Where It is Today: Part I,” Accounting Horizons, vol. 17, no. 3, Sep. 2003, at 189-205."

"The campaign produced agony for rural folks. They fumed that the state was treating them exactly as they dealt with their own livestock. Wives and daughters were being sterilized in much the same way that farmers spayed their pigs. It didn’t help that the abortion posses sometimes literally carted women off in hog cages. [Weisskopf wrote](private://read/01k3jwt46q240aq6fe12mqkyr0/16_Notes.xhtml#_idTextAnchor422) in the *Washington Post*, “Expectant mothers, including many in their last trimester, were trussed, handcuffed, herded into hog cages and delivered by the truckload to the operating tables of rural clinics.” The toll on women’s bodies was enormous. The stainless-steel IUD rings inserted after births created long-term physical problems, provoked menstrual bleeding, and tended to wear out after two years. Abortions and invasive tubal ligations were often done in a hurry and en masse, sometimes without anesthetic. Men could have volunteered for vasectomies. But typically, four women received a tubal ligation for every vasectomy."

"If a woman was still not persuaded, then officials might carry out a forced abortion. Often, they operated in the third trimester because the woman could no longer conceal her big belly. In some cases, a baby came out alive. Michael Weisskopf, who reported on the one-child policy in a series of pieces for the *Washington Post* in 1985, wrote that doctors sometimes [injected formaldehyde into a baby’s head](private://read/01k3jwt46q240aq6fe12mqkyr0/16_Notes.xhtml#_idTextAnchor416) or crushed the skull with forceps. More typically, doctors would smother the newborn or leave it to die of exposure."

"In those chaotic days I became familiar with the Russian term krysha, meaning roof, which was important to understand. This was summed up well by David Hoffman in an article published in the Washington Post in May 1997: Almost every business in Russia – from kerbside vendors to huge oil and gas companies, American and foreign firms, even mayors and regional bosses – pays for the protection service of some kind of krysha, according to security experts here."

"In those chaotic days I became familiar with the Russian term *krysha*, meaning roof, which was important to understand. This was summed up well by David Hoffman in an article published in the *Washington Post* in May 1997: > Almost every business in Russia – from kerbside vendors to huge oil and gas companies, American and foreign firms, even mayors and regional bosses – pays for the protection service of some kind of *krysha*, according to security experts here."