PRIME MOVERS
The Education of a Value Investor

The Education of a Value Investor

Guy Spier

200 highlights · 13 concepts · 187 entities · 5 signatures

Context & Bio

Value investor and fund manager who transformed himself from a Wall Street sell-side analyst into a patient, long-term investor through disciplined behavioral modifications and environmental design.

Era2000s-2010s financial markets: behavioral finance emergence, post-dot-com crash, 2008 financial crisis, rise of value investing education.ScaleBuilt Aquamarine Fund with unique fee structure (no management fee, 25% of profits above 6% hurdle) and relocated from New York to Zurich for optimal investing environment.
Ask This Book
200 highlights
Signature MovesHow they operate & think
Signature Move
Two-Year Minimum Hold Rule
situational
If a Stock Tumbles after You Buy It, Don’t Sell It for Two Years
4 evidence highlights
Signature Move
Information Sequencing Discipline
situational
The Rule: Pay attention to the order in which you consume information. And don’t eat your dessert until you’ve finished your meat and vegetables.
4 evidence highlights
Signature Move
Hero Modeling as Learning Method
situational
What I stumbled upon was this. Desperate to figure out how to lead a life that was more like his, I began constantly to ask myself one simple question: “What would Warren Buffett do if he were in my shoes?”
4 evidence highlights
Signature Move
Environmental Design Over Willpower
situational
focused tremendous energy on this task of creating the ideal environment in which to invest—one in which I’d be able to act slightly more rationally.
4 evidence highlights
More Insights
Operating Principle
Stock Price Monitoring Discipline
situational
Stop Checking the Stock Price
3 evidence highlights
Capital Strategy
Fee Structure as Values Expression
situational
He charged no annual management fee, but took a quarter of the profits above a 6 percent hurdle. This is an extremely unusual structure, but it’s the best alignment I’ve ever seen between an investor and his shareholders. It truly embodies the principle of making money with them, not off them. Unless they do well, the fund manager earns nothing.
3 evidence highlights
Risk Doctrine
Management Personal Stress Assessment
situational
Checklist Items: Are any of the key members of the company’s management team going through a difficult personal experience that might radically affect their ability to act for the benefit of their shareholders? Also, has this management team previously done anything self-serving that appears dumb?
3 evidence highlights
Decision Framework
Bridge as Investment Training
situational
I’d started to play bridge around 2007, prompted by Mohnish, who is an ardent player, and by the example of Buffett, Munger, and Bill Gates, all of whom are bridge fanatics. Initially, I joined the Manhattan Bridge Club and started taking lessons. Once I’d learned the basics, I quickly realized that bridge was not only a pleasurable diversion but would help to hone my skills in life, not to mention investing.
3 evidence highlights
Identity & Culture
Inner Scorecard Over Outer Recognition
situational
then went on to explain how crucial it is to adhere to values that you know to your core are right rather than being swayed by external forces such as peer pressure. “It’s very important always to live your life by an inner scorecard, not an outer scorecard,”
3 evidence highlights
Decision Framework
Behavioral Circuit Breakers
situational
focus on building work-arounds and circuit breakers into my everyday life proved to be incredibly helpful—not just in dealing with my ADD but also in becoming a better investor.
3 evidence highlights
Operating Principle
Geographic Arbitrage for Mental Clarity
situational
I needed to be in a place where I could think calmly and invest for the long term without the pressure of other people’s expectations or the distraction of all the frenzied activity buffeting me in New York.
3 evidence highlights
Strategic Pattern
Ecosystem Win-Win Analysis
situational
This misadventure taught me an invaluable lesson: I want to invest only in companies that are a win-win for their entire ecosystem. In consultant speak, we’d refer to the ecosystem as “the value chain.”
3 evidence highlights
In Their Own Words

Hang out with people better than you, and you cannot help but improve.

Spier's core philosophy on learning and personal development

Pay attention to the order in which you consume information. And don't eat your dessert until you've finished your meat and vegetables.

The Rule for disciplined information consumption

If the seller has a self-interest in me buying, I ain't buying.

Investment rule to avoid conflicts of interest

Nothing, nothing at all, matters as much as bringing the right people into your life. They will teach you everything you need to know.

Spier's reflection on the importance of relationships

People will always stop you doing the right thing if it's unconventional.

Advice on staying true to principles despite social pressure

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Key People
Guy Spier
Person

Primary figure in this dossier arc (44 mentions).

Warren Buffett
Person

Recurring actor in this dossier network (17 mentions).

Charlie Munger
Person

Recurring actor in this dossier network (5 mentions).

Bill Gates
Person

Recurring actor in this dossier network (3 mentions).

John Mihaljevic
Person

Recurring actor in this dossier network (5 mentions).

Key Entities
Raw Highlights
Hero Modeling as Learning Method (1 highlight)

What I stumbled upon was this. Desperate to figure out how to lead a life that was more like his, I began constantly to ask myself one simple question: “What would Warren Buffett do if he were in my shoes?”

Other highlights (39)

Bryan Lawrence, Richard Bergin, Jane Buchan and Martin Calderbank:

“When you see a good move, look for a better one.” Applying this insight to stocks, I modified his mantra, often telling myself, “When you see a good investment, look for a better investment.”

“Science advances one funeral at a time” as eminent but wrong-headed scientists bite the dust.

Latticework Club,

It reminded me of an old joke that Warren likes to tell: “How do you beat Bobby Fisher?” Answer: “Play him at anything other than chess.”

When you’re surrounded by people like this, all of them trying to help one another, it sometimes feels like heaven on earth. People like Mohnish or John Mihaljevic, for example, are just gems—always looking to help, to support, to share. These are the keepers. The people we want in our inner circle. The people we should fly across the world to see if they live abroad.

Nick Sleep

liking principle.

John Mihaljevic:

Michael Burry

construct an environment in which my brain isn’t subjected to quite such an extreme barrage of distractions and disturbing forces that can exacerbate my irrationality.

I saw how he would focus first on creating a real relationship and would then constantly look for ways to give, not take.

No. I sat down at my desk and actively imagined that I was Buffett. I imagined what the first thing would be that he would do if he were in my shoes, sitting at my desk.

Kahneman, Dan Ariely, Jason Zweig, Joseph LeDoux, and Antonio Damasio. Reading works by these and other experts on behavioral finance and neuroeconomics,

“Are the company’s revenues leveraged to the credit markets?”

when your consciousness or mental attitude shifts, remarkable things begin to happen. That shift is the ultimate business tool and life tool.

This was an important revelation: so often, we focus our analytical efforts in the wrong direction and miss something vital. So it’s crucial to be open to the possibility that we might be mistaken.

Munger and his latticework of mental models.

Ronald Reagan loved, “There’s no limit to what you can do if you don’t mind who gets the credit.”

Diana Fosha’s The Transforming Power of Affect: A Model for Accelerated Change,

Cresud,

For example, in chess, there’s a set repertoire of opening tricks and mistakes that lead unsuspecting players to a quick demise, usually within the first few moves. Initially, when I fell into these traps, I felt angry with my opponent. It seemed like an underhanded way to win. Then I’d become angry with myself for missing what’s known as a “gotcha game.”

What’s important is the idea that a great company makes tons of money while adding real value for its customers.

The difficulty is that we can’t use the brain to override the brain. So we remain vulnerable to these mental shortcomings even when we know about them.

Charlie Munger, Bill Gates, Ajit Jain, Debbie Bosanek, and Carol Loomis.

Ernest Shackleton

These were elegant ideas. Not only were they remarkably cheap, but they each had catalysts that would inevitably emerge.

If your goal in life is to get rich, value investing is pretty hard to beat. Sure, there are times when it falls out of favor, when even the greatest practitioners find themselves dismissed as fusty has-beens who have lost their touch. But it’s such a robust and fundamentally sound way to invest that it eventually regains its luster.

the best way to learn is to surround yourself with the right people.

Santa Fe Institute, a transdisciplinary research community. I knew that Bill Miller, a remarkably smart fund manager at Legg Mason,

the economy as a complex adaptive system.

Robbins describes this process as “modeling” our heroes.

The Rule: Keep the market at a safe distance. Don’t let it invade your office or your brain.

Clearly, he has set up his life so that it suits him and so that he enjoys it. When I asked if he had consciously created Berkshire’s unique decentralized structure, he emphasized that it operates that way because it suits his personality, not because it maximizes returns.

the opportunity to observe people who were far better at business and life than I was.

We can all claim to have clear rules—for example, declaring that a stock must be sold when it reaches 80 percent of its intrinsic value.

Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill,

“Given that the player to my right has bid two clubs, how does that update my probabilistic assessment of what cards he’s holding?”

John Mihaljevic to create an annual event in Switzerland called VALUEx—a