Shanghai
Strategic Concepts & Mechanics
Primary Evidence
"My grandfather Zhang Chunfu (1885–1943) belonged to a generation of Chinese who, under the bullying of the great powers, strove to reform and make progress. But each time China took one step forward, it seemed it always had to take one step back. When my grandfather was a child, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao vigorously advocated reform; when he was in his teens, the Guangxu Emperor’s “Hundred Days’ Reform” took place; but what followed was Empress Dowager Cixi’s rule from behind the curtain. When my grandfather was twenty-five, the Republican revolution succeeded; but what came next was nearly twenty years of warlord separatism. After the Northern Expedition succeeded, it seemed there were a few years of stability and progress; but then Japan invaded China. My grandfather also passed away in Japanese-occupied Shanghai during the War of Resistance."
"Over the past several decades of life, I have already traveled a million miles, but no matter how comfortable or even luxurious travel in recent years has been, the journey I miss the most, the one that has the greatest meaning for me, and the one that left the deepest impression in my mind, is still the trek from Shanghai to Chongqing when I was eleven."
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